Laser is a kind of light, which, like other natural light, is generated by the transition of atoms (molecules or ions, etc.). However, it is different from ordinary light in that laser only relies on spontaneous radiation in the initial very short time, and the subsequent process is completely determined by stimulated radiation. Therefore, laser has very pure color, almost no divergent directionality, extremely high luminous intensity and high coherence.
Laser cutting is achieved by applying high-power density energy generated by laser focusing. Under the control of a computer, the laser is discharged by pulses, thereby outputting controlled repetitive high-frequency pulse lasers to form a beam of a certain frequency and a certain pulse width. The pulsed laser beam is transmitted and reflected through the optical path and focused on the surface of the processed object through a focusing lens group, forming a fine, high-energy density spot. The focal spot is located near the surface to be processed, and the processed material is melted or vaporized at an instant high temperature. Each high-energy laser pulse instantly sputters a tiny hole on the surface of the object. Under computer control, the laser processing head and the processed material perform continuous relative motion and dotting according to the pre-drawn graphics, so that the object will be processed into the desired shape.
The process parameters (cutting speed, laser power, gas pressure, etc.) and motion trajectory during cutting are controlled by the CNC system, and the slag at the cutting seam is blown away by auxiliary gas of a certain pressure.